Case Study: St. Stephen’s Orthodox Cathedral

Hurrairah bin Sohail speaks with Jacob Abraham about how Rontek Systems drew on its experience to deliver an audio system that blended with the St. Stephen’s Orthodox Cathedral’s architecture and delivered on function.

St. Stephen’s Orthodox Cathedral, located in Kerala, India, is a church that has been designed along the line of Byzantine architecture.

But architecture alone does not a house of worship make. For its audio needs, the Cathedral appointed Rontek Systems as the integrator for the job.

Jacob Abraham, founder of Rontek Systems, talks about how the integrator came on to the project: “We were referred to the client by the architect, with whom we had worked on a project previously, St. Augustine Forane also located in Kerala. That was a successful project for all parties and put us in good stead for the St. Stephen’s Orthodox Cathedral project as well.”

Both the architect and the client had envisioned specific outcomes. Abraham details: “The architect’s specific instruction was that the speakers and other audio equipment should be unobtrusive and should blend into the design of the church. The client’s requirement was that sound for both speech and music should be of the highest quality.”

Shibu Mathew Kunnithottathil, general convener, construction committee, St. Stephen’s Orthodox Cathedral, gives the end user perspective: “A sound system becomes an integral part of the infrastructure of any building that holds functions or provides any form of entertainment. When it comes to a church, it becomes a vital part for the congregation to feel good as prayers and songs are resonating through it. Be it 10 or 1,000 people inside the church, the sound system should not cause any disturbance in the form of echo or mic distortions. The clarity of the sound system should be consistent when listening from anywhere inside the church.”

These requirements are not unfair but matters were complicated by the project site. Abraham details: “This is an Eastern Orthodox church, and this meant that the ceiling and the walls would be high. Additionally, we knew from the start that the architecture was such that acoustic treatment for the space would not be possible so we would have to contend with the space as it was provided to us. There are also no pews or benches which would mean the acoustic properties of the space would change based on how the congregation would situate itself in the space. All in all, there were a lot of variables that needed to be factored in.”

Abraham drew upon his experience to help tackle the design challenges. He says: “I’ve designed and delivered audio systems for Eastern Orthodox churches and also for different denominations of churches. I am familiar with the style of worship and the expectations of the clients and I drew on these experiences as a starting point for the audio design for St. Stephen’s Orthodox Cathedral.”

The main front-of-house [FOH] speakers are column array speakers that stand almost 7ft tall with eight 6-in LF drivers and two compression horn drivers from Eminence. The column arrays are tailored for St. Stephen’s Orthodox Cathedral as Abraham details: “The Eminence drivers are housed in custom, CNC-manufactured cabinets that have been tailored exactly to the client’s requirements. Even the paint job and the finish of the grill is customised to match the aesthetics of the space and address the requirements of the architect. We made sure that the speakers would be unobtrusive and blend in with the aesthetics of the space.”

The FOH also consisted of two 15-in subwoofers. The HF, LF and subwoofers were tri-amped with crossovers set in external DSP. Two smaller speakers with low frequency drivers and a compression horn are used as fill speakers.

Abraham provides further details: “Being a Cathedral, there is a huge altar area with five altar thrones. Each of the thrones was installed with a white surface mounted speaker from Apart. The speakers were driven by Crown and Rontek power amplifiers, all Class D. The client was particular that the audio equipment must work without manual intervention during regular worship sessions held through the week and that the equipment must be installed at the back-end. We used two DSPs from Driverack and a Shure 8-channel automatic mixer to do the job. The speakers were time-aligned and crossovers set in the DSP. We relied heavily on the dependable automatic room correction, parametric equalisation and automatic feedback suppression built into the Driverack 360 Venu.

The system rack was built in a room provided along with UPS and other equipment. The server rack included the Aviron power management system designed and built by Rontek.”

Regarding audio capture, Abraham says: “The main microphones are all dynamic cardioid type except the main altar which has a gooseneck condenser microphone and these are connected to the automatic mixer. The output of the automatic mixer is connected to a 12-channel analogue mixer. The output of the analogue mixer is then connected to the loudspeaker management systems and the signals are sent to separate amplifiers for High-Mid-Lows to fill speakers, corridors, altar and other areas.”

Usability was front and centre in Abraham’s consideration and he says: “You have to understand the user and the application. The operators for the systems are volunteers and they might not have the highest levels of training. With this in mind, the system has to work every single time with the push of a button. We cannot expect the operators to be able to change the system or fiddle with the settings to get their desired outcomes. To make the lives of the operators easier, Rontek has programmed a number of presets for the audio systems. These presets take advantage of the speakers and microphones that are deployed and help the audio system as a whole adapt to the requirements of the Cathedral.”

With the audio system designed and deployed, the last hurdle was to calibrate the end results. Abraham narrates: “Our only request for the client was to have an hour of time with no noise and volunteers to ensure that the Cathedral had 50% occupancy. This allowed us to tune the audio system effectively by using the calibration features on the DSP as well as a little bit of tweaking on our part. At the end, we were able to ensure that all the different speakers were time aligned and that the sound in the Cathedral was exactly according to the client’s specifications.”

Kunnithottathil from St. Stephen’s Orthodox Cathedral concludes: “During the Holy Consecration of the church, approximately 10,000 people had assembled inside the church the sound system worked perfectly well and the congregation commented about it.”

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